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terça-feira, 9 de março de 2010

Bromus rigidus

Bromus rigidus (= Bromus rigens ssp. maximus)



Bromus rigidus


Descrição (from Wikipédia) :


Bromus is a large genus of the true grass family (Poaceae). Estimates in the scientific literature of the number of species have ranged from 100 to 400, but plant taxonomists currently recognize around 160–170 species. They are commonly known as bromes, brome grasses, cheat grasses or chess grasses.

Bromus is part of the cool-season grass lineage (subfamily Pooideae), which includes about 3300 species. Within Pooideae, Bromus is classified in tribe Bromeae (it is the only genus in the tribe). Bromus is closely related to the wheat-grass lineage (they are sister taxa) that includes such economically important genera as Triticum (wheat), Hordeum (barley) and Secale (rye), which are all classified in the tribe Triticeae.


Description

Bromus species occur in many habitats in temperate regions of the world, including America, Eurasia, Australia, and Africa. There are considerable morphological differences between some species, while the morphological differences between others (usually those species that are closely related) are subtle and difficult to distinguish. As such, the taxonomy of the genus is complicated.

The genus Bromus is distinguished from other grass genera by a combination of several morphological characteristics, including leaf sheaths that are closed (connate) for most of their length, awns that are usually inserted subapically, and hairy appendages on the ovary. The leaf blades and sheaths, which comprise the leaves can be hairless, sparsely hairy or hairy. The inflorescence is a dense or open panicle, usually drooping or nodding, sometimes spreading (as in Japanese Brome, B. japonicus).

Ecology

The caterpillars of some Lepidoptera use Bromus as a foodplant, e.g. the Chequered Skipper (Carterocephalus palaemon).

Bromus species are generally considered to have little economic value to humans, at least in present times. The Tarahumara Indians in northern Mexico use the grains of some native Bromus species to aid fermentation in making one of their cultural beverages. As names like Bromus fibrosus, Poverty Brome (B. sterilis) or Ripgut Brome attest, some species are not very useful as fodder because their leaves sclerotize quickly and may even be harmful to livestock due to the high silica content. Others, such as meadow brome (Bromus riparius), native to parts of Russia, are planted as forage in the Great Plains of North America. Brome grasses are not usually grown as ornamental plants due to most species' nondescript appearance. Some are useful to prevent erosion but such use must be cautiously controlled as most Bromus have the ability to spread, becoming invasive weeds. Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) is a particularly troublesome weed across much of western North America (from southern British Columbia to California.)

Taxonomy and systematics


Taxonomists have generated various classification schemes to reflect the morphological variation that is seen in Bromus. In North America, five morphologically similar groups of species, called sections, are generally recognized: Bromus, Genea, Ceratochloa, Neobromus, and Bromopsis. Sections Bromus and Genea are native to the Old World (Eurasia), but many species are introduced into North America. Sections Bromopsis, Neobromus, and Ceratochloa have several native species in North America.




Espécies de Bromus existentes em Portugal (from Flora Digital de Portugal):

 

Familia Espécie SubespécieSinonímias Nome comum
Gramineae (Poaceae) Bromus catharticus*
Bromus unioloides Humb., Bonpl. et Kunth Bromus unioloides (Willd.) Humb., Bonpl. et Kunth  Bromo-de-Schrader
Gramineae (Poaceae) Bromus diandrus*
Bromus rigens L. var. gussonei (Parl.) P. Cout.  Espigão; Fura-capa; Saruga; Seruga
Gramineae (Poaceae) Bromus erectuserectus
 
Gramineae (Poaceae) Bromus hordeaceus*
Bromus hordeaceus L. subsp. molliformis (J. Lloyd) Maire et Weiller Bromus mollis L. Bromus mollis L. raça lloydianus (Gren. et Godr.) Samp. Bromus molliformis J. Lloyd Serrafalcus lloydianus Gren. et Godr. Serrafalcus mollis Parl. Serrafalcus rigens Samp.  Bromo-cevada; Bromo-doce; Bromo-mole
Gramineae (Poaceae) Bromus madritensis*
Bromus madritensis L. var. ciliatus Guss. Bromus varius Brot. raça madritensis (L.) Samp.  Bromo-de-madride; Espadana; Espadena; Fura-capa-menor
Gramineae (Poaceae) Bromus racemosus
Bromus commutatus auct. lusit., non Schrad. 
Gramineae (Poaceae) Bromus rigidus*
Bromus madritensis sensu Brot. Bromus maximus Desf. Bromus rigens L. subsp. maximus (Desf.) P. Cout. Bromus villosus Forssk. Bromus villosus sensu Samp.  Bromo-das-vassouras; Fura-capa
Gramineae (Poaceae) Bromus rubens*
Bromus varius Brot. raça rubens (L.) Samp.  Bromo-avermelhado; Espadana-pequena
Gramineae (Poaceae) Bromus scoparius
Bromus varius L.  Bromo-vassoura
Gramineae (Poaceae) Bromus sterilis*
Bromus grandiflorus Weigel 
Gramineae (Poaceae) Bromus tectorum*

  Bromo; Bromo-vassoura


As espécies marcadas com * nesta lista de Bromus constam segunda a Flora Digital de Portugal da área da Serra de Boa Viagem.

 



Locais de registo na Praia de Quiaios e na Serra da Boaviagem: A espécie Bromus rigidus encontra-se nas dunas cinzentas da Praia de Quiaios.




Identificação:








Distribuição de Bromus rigidus em Portugal: quasi todo o país.



Utilização medicinal e fitoterapéutica:



Alguma fotografias da Praia de Quiaios:



Bromus rigidus em associação com Lagurus ovatus



















Links e Bibliografia:

Bromus - SOPHY

 - [ Traduzir esta página ]
Bromus Bromus Bromus asper. Bromus ramosus Huds. Brome ramifié, Brome rude, Brome âpre, Brome des buissons, Brome rameux. Bromus benekeni ...
sophy.u-3mrs.fr/photohtm/FI146.HTM - Em cache - Semelhante

Bromus - Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre

Na classificação taxonômica de Jussieu (1789), Bromus é o nome de um gênero botânico, ordem Gramineae, classe Monocotyledones com estames hipogínicos. ...
pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromus - Em cache - Semelhante


Bromus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 - [ Traduzir esta página ]
Bromus is a large genus of the true grass family (Poaceae). Estimates in the scientific literature of the number of species have ranged from 100 to 400, ...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromus - Em cache - Semelhante


Flora Digital de Portugal

Genus Bromus


Flora Digital de Portugal

 - 08:36
Espécie, Bromus rigidus, Descritor, Roth. Subespecie. Variedade. Tipo Fisionómico, Terófito. Sinonimias. Bromus madritensis sensu Brot. Bromus maximus Desf. ...
aguiar.hvr.utad.pt/pt/herbario/cons_reg_fam2.asp?...ID... - Em cache

Grass Genera of the World - Bromus L.

Description of Bromus L., generated from a DELTA database.
delta-intkey.com/grass/www/bromus.htm - Em cache
















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